An autoimmune disease is a condition in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your body.
Generally immune system can tell the difference between foreign cells and your own cells but in autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakes parts of your body, like your joints or skin, as foreign. It releases proteins called autoantibodies that attack healthy cells.
Some autoimmune diseases target only one organ whereas other diseases, like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), affect the whole body. Certain autoimmune diseases, like multiple sclerosis and lupus, run in families. Not every family member will necessarily have the same disease, but they inherit susceptibility to an autoimmune condition.
Incidence of autoimmune diseases is rising. Researchers and scientist suspect environmental factors like infections and exposure to chemicals might also be involved.
14 common autoimmune diseases:
1. Type 1 diabetes
2. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
3. Psoriasis/Psoriatic arthritis
4. Multiple sclerosis
5. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
6. Inflammatory bowel disease
7. Addison’s disease
8. Graves’ disease
9. Sjogren’s syndrome
10. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
11. Myasthenia gravis
12. Autoimmune vasculitis
13. Pernicious anaemia
14. Celiac disease
Autoimmune disease symptoms
The early symptoms of many autoimmune diseases are very similar, such as:
1. Fatigue
2. Muscle aches
3. Swelling and redness
4. Low-grade fever
5. Trouble concentrating
6. Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet
7. Hair loss
8. Skin rashes Individual diseases can also have their own unique symptoms too.
Your doctor will use a combination of tests and review your symptoms and physical examination to diagnose you.
How are autoimmune diseases treated?
Treatments can’t cure autoimmune diseases, but they can control the overactive immune response and bring down inflammation or at least reduce pain and inflammation.
The main treatment for autoimmune diseases is with medications, that bring down inflammation and calm the overactive immune response to help relieve symptoms.
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Subodh A Pradhan
Author has been advocating
Importance of Immunity, for a decade
